Government 2021 JAMB Practice Questions Set 21.
Nation-state is synonymous with
A. self-actualization
B. liberation
C. sovereignty
D. nationalism
Correct Answer: Option C
Explanation Nation-State is synonymous with sovereignty. This is so when we realize the fact that sovereignty is the absolute power of the state to exercise supreme legal authority over its own affairs within its territory without any form of external control.
A state has a definite geographical territory in which it is situated and has boundaries. It is sovereign, independent and a republic. It has also a human population who inhabit the given area.
On the other hand, a nation, like a state is a collection of people who live in a definite geographical area and has a sovereign government.
2. A fundamental component of political culture is
A. social values
B. community structure
C. family values
D. economic values
Correct Answer: Option A
Explanation A fundamental component of political culture is social values.
The Components of political culture are as follows:
1. Cognitive Orientation
2. Evaluation Orientation
3. Affective Orientation.
3. A form of oligarchy in which gifted people are at the helm of affairs is
A. aristocracy
B. plutocracy
C. theocracy
D. gerentocracy
Correct Answer: Option A
Explanation A form of oligarchy in which gifted people are at the helm of affairs is aristocracy.
Aristocracy is seen as a form of government in which the best citizens rule. In most cases people of noble birth or wealth usually rule. It is believed that they possess the best qualities for leadership.
4.A state that is ruled by an elected citizen is
A. a monarchy
B. a republic
C. a plutocracy
D. an empire
Correct Answer: Option B
Explanation A state that is ruled by an elected citizen is a republic.
A republican form of government is that which has a head of state elected by the people. This means that a sovereign state is referred to as a republic if the country has no traditional ruler of his representative as its head of state but by the one chosen by the people with a fixed term of office. Such head of state is known as a President in a republic. The President may be an Executive of Ceremonial President.
Some of the characteristics of a republican form of government is that the head of state known as the President is elected by the people.
In a republic, members of the legislature are directly elected by the people etc.
5. A true democracy in the modern sense exists where the
A. elected representatives rule
B. majority of the people vote
C. majority of the people rule
D. elite rule
Correct Answer: Option A
Explanation A true democracy in a modern sense exists where the elected representatives rule.
Democracy is a government where people exercise power of governance through representatives. Such representative must come in to govern through popular, periodic free and fair elections.
1. Periodic Elections
2. Open Franchise
3. An Independent Judiciary
4. Free and Fair Election, etc.
6. In a parliamentary system, when the legislature passes a vote of no confidence on the executive.it means that the
A. executive is expected to go on suspension
B. executive is required to resign
C. legislature ceases to trust the executive
D. legislature commences legal proceeding against the executive
Correct Answer: Option B
Explanation In a parliamentary system, when the legislsses a vote of no confidence on the executive.it means that the executive is required to resign.
One of the features of parliamentary system of government is use of vote of no confidence. Here, it is seen that the parliament can use ''vote of no confidence'' to force the Prime Minister and his cabinet ministers to resign en-bloc.
7. The legislative body of the United States of America is the
A. Parliament
B. Congress
C. National Assembly
D. Council
Correct Answer: Option B
Explanation The legislative body of the United States of America is the Congress.
According to Ade Fasuba (1972) '' All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and a House of Representative.
8. Unicameralism is a feature of the legislature in
A. Israel
B. the United Kingdom
C. the United States
D. Ghana
Correct Answer: Option A
Explanation Unicameralism is a feature of the legislature in Israel.
9. The upper house in most federal systems is created to
A. ensure equality of federating units
B. oversee and check the lower house
C. prevent excesses of the executive
D. enable experienced elders make inputs to governance
Correct Answer: Option C
Explanation The upper house in most federal systems is created to prevent excesses of the executive.
Bicameralism makes it difficult for the executive to dominate the two chambers.
10. In which of the following systems is the power of the component units more than that of the central government?
A. Monarchical
B. Unitary
C. Federal
D. Confederal
Correct Answer: Option D
Explanation It is in the Confederal systems that the power of the component units is found to be more than that of the Central government.
Confederation is an association of countries for a particular purpose or some purposes. It is the type of government with a weak Centre and a strong component units. The Central Government depends on the sovereign states (components units) for her existence.
Some characteristics of a confederation are as follows:
1. Strong component units and weak centre.
2. Freedom of secession
3. Citizens loyalty to only the component unit
4. The Confederation deals only with the various units and not with individuals.
5. The central government can only exercise power with the consent of the confederating units.
11. One of the general tenets of fascists doctrine is that a leader is
A. supreme relative to the constitution
B. surbodinate to the laws of the state
C. weak relative to the constitution
D. surbodinate to the norms of the society
Correct Answer: Option A
Explanation One of the general tenets of fascists doctrine is that a leader is supreme relative to the constitution.
Facism condemns both capitalism and socialism. It also refuses to accept peace, democracy and the rule of law.
Facism believes strongly in the superiority of some human beings.
12. In a cabinet system of government, executive power is exercised by the
A. head of government
B. president
C. monarch
D. dorminant party
Correct Answer: Option A
Explanation In a cabinet system of government, executive power is exercised by them head of government.
One of the major characteristics of Cabinet system of government is that the Prime Minister is the head of government while the President, Queen or King is the head of state eg. Britain.
The Prime Minister who is the Chief executive or head of government exercises the real executive powers. Another example is Nigeria during the First Republic.
13. The principle of separation of powers is best practiced in the
A. presidential system
B. monarchical system
C. parliamentary system
D. feudal system
Correct Answer: Option A
Explanation The principle of separation of powers is best practiced in the presidential system.
There is no fusion between the executive and the legislature in the Presidential system of government. The two organs are separated both in function and membership.
14. A typical form of delegated legislation is
A. an act
B. a decree
C. a bill
D. a bye-law
Correct Answer: Option D
Explanation A typical form of delegated legislation is Bye-law.
Bye-laws are made by local governments on a variety of subjects such as markets, education health, parks, etc.
15. The rights of a citizen can be withdrawn by the state if the person
A. opposes the government violently
B. is convicted of a serious crime
C. leaves the country permanently
D. is pronounced dead
The rights of a citizen can be withdrawn by the state if the person
A. opposes the government violently
B. is convicted of a serious crime
C. leaves the country permanently
D. is pronounced dead
Correct Answer: Option B
Explanation The rights of a citizen can be withdrawn by the state if the person is convicted of a serious crime.
One of the examples of such serious crime is treasonable felony.
16. An electoral process in which candidates are selected for elective offices by party members is
A. primary election
B. bye election
C. electoral college
D. general election
Correct Answer: Option A
Explanation An electoral process in which candidates are selected for elective offices by party members is primary election.
It should be realized that Primary election is an election which is conducted within a political party to choose the candidate or flag-bearer of the party at the general election.
17. In theory, one major advantage of the one-party system is that it
A. eliminates intra-party conflict
B. promotes greater mass participation in government
C. serves as an instrument of national integration
D. guarantees social justice
Correct Answer: Option C
Explanation In theory, one major advantage of the one-party system is that it serves as an instrument of national integration.
According to Ofoegbu G. (1979), it encourages national integration especially in multi-ethnic societies.
18. A tactic employed by pressure groups to achieve their objectives is
A. memorandum
B. propaganda
C. electioneering campaign
D. lobbying
Correct Answer: Option D
Explanation A tactic employed by pressure groups to achieve their objectives is lobby members of the legislature in order to pass laws that will favour their members. Example is Nigerian Union of Teachers (NUT) when fighting for increase in salaries.
19. Public opinion can be measured through
A. negotiation
B. strike action
C. referendum
D. rumour
Correct Answer: Option C
Explanation Public opinion can be measured through referendum.
Referendum is the submission to the electorate for approval or rejection of some aspects of legislation. It is a nice tool for measuring public opinion. Thhis is so due to the fact that it gives out an aggregate view of the people's opinion on a particular public policy. Other methods of measuring public opinion are:
1. Direct Observation
2. Survey or Opinion Poll
3. Secondary Sources e.g Information from libraries
4. Election
5. Through Mass Media.
20. Which of the following is the main function of the civil service
A. implementing government policies
B. supporting the party in power
C. Allocating resources to the fedearting units
D. Mobilizing grass root support for government
Correct Answer: Option A
Explanation Implementing government policies is the main function of the civil service.
Civil service is a body of permanent officials who carry out day-to-day business of government.
It is a body or department which is in the executive arm of the government responsible for the execution of the policies and programmes of the government. The civil service and its workers known as civil servants perform purely administrative and executive function which embraces formulation and implementation of government polices.
21. Who was the political head of the Old Oyo Empire?
A. Bashorun
B. Aremo
C. Oyomesi
D. Alaafin
Who was the political head of the Old Oyo Empire?
A. Bashorun
B. Aremo
C. Oyomesi
D. Alaafin
Correct Answer: Option D
Explanation The political head of the old Oyo Empire was Alaafin.
The old Oyo Empire was monarchical in nature. The system was based on the principl of inheritance. The government of the empire thrived along four major organs.
The first organ was the King known as the Alaafin. Although the Alaafin was a supreme King, but he was not a dictator. He ruled according to the advice of the council of Oyomesi but was not compulsory for him to accept all advice.
22. The Igbo political system was based on
A. age grades
B. family ties
C. Umunna
D. Umuada
E. B and C
Correct Answer: Option E
Explanation The Igbo political system was based on family ties. A.O. Ojo (1973) stated that the patrilineal family group known as Umunna was the basic political and social unit.
23. The Aro age-grade system in Igbo land was
A. a religious organization
B. a commercial organization
C. a political organization
D. an imperial organization
Correct Answer: Option C
Explanation The Aro age-grade system in Igbo land was a political organization.
24. France introduced the policy of assimilation in her colonies primarily to
A. teach them the art of leadership
B. change their way of life
C. give them a sound education
D. discourage them from ritual killings
Correct Answer: Option B
Explanation France introduced the policy of assimilation in her colonies primarily to change their way of life.
The policy of assimilation was the type of colonial administration which the French government imposed on its West African colonies. This type of administration was meant to replace the culture, language, religion, law, mode of dressing, etc of the people of West Africa with that of the French people.
25. The foremost British trading company company on the West African coast was
A. Royal Niger Company
B. Lever Brothers
C. United African Company
D. John Holt and Sons
Correct Answer: Option C
Explanation The foremost British trading company company on the West African coast was United African Company.
The scramble for Africa brought about the settlement of British traders at the Delta Area of the Niger. They named the area ''Oil Rivers Protectorate'' George Jaubman Goldie amalgamated the British private trading companies in the area in the year 1879 and gave the name of the new company as United African Company (UAC). This very company was granted a charter in 1886. with this, the name was changed to Royal Niger Company.
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